The material has high strength, good plasticity and toughness. Steel is much stronger than other building materials such as concrete, masonry and wood. Therefore, it is especially suitable for members and structures with large span or heavy load. Steel also has the characteristics of good plasticity and toughness. Good plasticity, the structure will not break suddenly due to overload under general conditions, good toughness and strong adaptability to dynamic loads. Good energy absorption and ductility also make the steel structure have superior seismic performance. On the other hand, due to the high strength of steel, the components made of steel have small cross-section and thin walls, which need to meet the requirements of stability when pressed, and sometimes the strength cannot be fully exerted.2 The material is uniform, which is in line with the assumption of mechanical calculation. The internal structure of steel is close to homogeneity and isotropy, and it is almost completely elastic within a certain stress range. Therefore, the actual stress situation and engineering mechanics calculation of steel structureThe results are quite consistent. The quality of steel can be strictly controlled during tempering and rolling, and the range of material fluctuation is small.1.3 The steel structure is easy to manufacture and the construction period is short. The materials used in steel structure are simple and finished, and the processing is relatively simple, and mechanical operation can be used. Therefore, a large number of steel structures are generally made into components in specialized metal structure factories with high accuracy. Components can be assembled in the construction site by ordinary bolts and high-strength bolts which are easy to install, and sometimes they can be assembled and welded on the ground into larger units before hoisting, so as to shorten the construction period. In addition, it is easier to rebuild and strengthen the completed steel structure, and the structure connected by bolts can also be demolished as needed.1.4 The steel structure is light in weight. Although the density of steel is higher than that of concrete and other building materials, steel structure is lighter than reinforced concrete structure because the ratio of strength to density of steel is much higher than that of concrete. Bearing the same load with the same span, the weight of steel roof truss is no more than 1/3 to 1/4 of that of reinforced concrete roof truss, and even close to 1/10 of that of cold-formed thin-walled steel roof truss, which provides convenient conditions for hoisting. Light weight is also an important advantage for structures that need long-distance transportation, such as projects built in mountainous and remote areas with inconvenient transportation.
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