Toughness: The ability of metal materials to resist impact loads without being damaged. Hardness: The ability of the surface of a metal material to resist being pressed into by an object that is harder than it. Plasticity: The ability of a metal material to produce permanent deformation without being damaged under load. Cold bending of steel bars is an indicator to assess the plasticity of steel bars, and is also required for steel bar processing. When bending steel bars to make hooks, cracks and breaks in the steel bars should be avoided. Low-strength hot-rolled steel bars have better cold bending performance, while higher-strength ones have slightly worse cold bending performance, and cold-processed steel bars have the worst cold bending performance. The weldability of steel refers to the difficulty of obtaining high-quality welded joints under certain welding materials and welding process conditions, that is, the adaptability of steel to welding processing.Introduction to steel bars In reinforced concrete structures, two materials with different properties can bear stress together because of the bonding and anchoring effect between them. This effect enables stress transfer between the steel bars and concrete on both sides of the contact interface, thereby establishing the working stress necessary for structural bearing in the steel bars and concrete. The bonding and anchoring effect of steel bars in concrete has bonding force, that is, chemical adsorption on the contact surface, but its influence is not great. Frictional resistance is related to the roughness of the contact surface and the lateral pressure, and its effect gradually decreases with the development of slip. Bite force is generated by the cross ribs of the ribbed steel bar squeezing the concrete in front of the ribs. It is the main source of the anchoring force of the ribbed steel bar. Mechanical anchoring force refers to the anchoring effect provided by hooks, bends and additional anchoring meas
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